Voice: Active/Passive, Verb Tenses

I cleaned the room yesterday.

The room was cleaned without me yesterday.

Согласитесь, второй вариант звучит гораздо приятнее, потому что мы не сами это делали.

Мы используем Passive Voice (Пассивный Залог), когда субъект действия не важен или неизвестен. Акцент ставится именно на само действие.

The monastery was built in the 16th century.

The boots are made of wool.

Форма пассивного залога образуется с помощью “to be” + past participle.

Мы изменяем глагол “to be” в зависимости от того времени, в котором мы употребляем его, ориентируясь на активный залог:

Cycles are often used in food delivery. Present Simple Passive (am/is/are + past participle)

The wedding party is being organized. Present Continuous Passive ( am/is/are + being + past participle)

The cake has been baked recently. Present Perfect Passive (have/has + past participle)

The book was written in 1812. Past Simple Passive (was/were + past participle)

When I entered the cafe, I saw that our table was being served. Past Continuous Passive (was/were + being + past participle)

The car had been washed by the time I came there. Past Perfect Passive (had been + past participle)

The letter will be delivered in 2 days. Future Simple Passive (will + be + past participle)

Если нам всё-таки необходимо указать, кем было выполнено действие, мы используем предлог “by”:

The house has been decorated by my sister.

The decree was adopted by the government last week.

Мы также можем использовать пассивный залог с модальными глаголами. В таком случае к их обычному модальному значению прибавляется значение пассивности, а форма будет выглядеть так: модальный глагол + be + past participle:

The project must be finished tomorrow.

The children shouldn’t be left unattended.

This book can’t be read in one day.

These rules can’t be memorized easily but you ought to try it. It’s worth it!