Verb + to infinitive
Инфинитив с частицей to используется:
● после определённых глаголов и глагольных конструкций:
--
Hilary refused to share a flat with me.
I’ve promised to be back at 5 sharp.
Their family can’t afford to buy a detached house.
Have you arranged to meet her?
How old were you when you learnt to cook (or learnt how to cook)
Отрицательная форма:
My parents decided not to go abroad on holiday this year.
She has promised not to be late.
● после определённых прилагательных:
willing, sorry, nice, difficult, etc.
I’m not willing to pay 400$ for a one-way ticket.
I’m sorry to hear that you’ve lost your job.
Nice to meet you.
It’s difficult to explain.
● после “too” и “enough”:
The shelf was too high to reach.
I have enough problems to deal with.
She is old enough to take care of herself.
Обратите внимание, что “enough” употребляется после прилагательного или наречия, но перед существительным.
--
Verb + -ing
Герундий используется:
● после определённых глаголов и глагольных конструкций:
--
Katherine decided to postpone moving to Argentina.
He denies stealing my money.
It’s no use worrying about the things that don’t depend on you.
We look forward to meeting you.
Do you fancy having a cup of coffee?
Отрицательная форма:
I suggested not going there by car because of the heavy traffic.
I can’t imagine myself not being able to see my family.
Также герундий используется после некоторых фразовых глаголов:
--
Verb + bare infinitive
Инфинитив без частицы “to” используется:
● после модальных глаголов:
He must pay the taxes before he leaves the country.
I could speak Japanese when I was fourteen.
● после глаголов “to make” и “to let” в конструкциях “to make/let somebody do something”:
Why are you always making me feel so stupid?
Have your parents let you stay the night?
NB! Если конструкция стоит в пассивном залоге, то у инфинитива появляется частица “to”:
He was made to confess.
The kids was made to apologize.
● после “would rather”:
I would rather pretend to be ill than go to the city with her.
NB! После глагола “to help” инфинитив может использоваться как с частицей to, так и без неё:
Daniel always helps me (to) do my homework.
Дэниел всегда помогает мне делать домашнее задание.
Объектный падеж с инфинитивом
В данном обороте существительное в общем падеже (common case) или местоимение в объектном падеже (objective case) обозначают лицо или предмет, которое либо само совершает действие, либо подвергается этому действию.
--
I told my younger brother not to take sweets from strangers.
My mother wants me to finish university.
I’ve arranged with her to meet at eight.
Don’t expect him to be kind to you.
Wait for me to come.
