You shouldn’t have eaten so much on holidays…
Каждый из нас хоть раз сталкивался с такой мыслью.
Как же правильно выразить на английском критику или сожаление о чём-то?
Сейчас узнаем!
Нам снова помогут модальные глаголы: must, may, might, can’t, could и should.
Must + have + past participle
с помощью этой конструкции мы выражаем умозаключение о чем-то, что могло произойти. Чаще всего можно перевести это как «должно быть»:
I haven’t seen him in our office building for a while. He must have changed his place of work.
She must have lost her mind if she thinks that I will talk to her.
- Hello! Can I speak to Mrs. Hurries?
- You must have dialed the wrong number. There is no one here by that name.
Can’t + have + past participle
с помощью этой конструкции мы говорим о чём-то, что не могло произойти в прошлом, и при этом основываемся на фактах в настоящем:
She is such a nice girl. She can’t have done this.
We have been friends for so many years. He can’t have betrayed me like that.
I checked everything twice while we were packing the things. We can’t have left our passports at home.
Could + have + past participle
с помощью этой конструкции мы говорим о чем-то, что мы могли сделать, но не сделали. Мы также можем использовать could + have + past participle для критики либо для умозаключений о том, что что-то могло произойти:
He almost froze to death waiting for a bus, though he could have called a taxi.
They could have said that they wouldn’t want to join us for dinner.
We could have stayed there a little longer but we had spent all the money.
Should + have + past participle
с помощью этой конструкции мы говорим о том, что нам следовало сделать, но мы этого не сделали:
- My landlord is throwing me out.
- Well, you should have paid your bills on time.
I don’t know what to do. I should have been there an hour ago.
She should have worked harder if she wanted to pass her exams successfully.
Shouldn’t + have + past participle
с помощью этой конструкции мы говорим о том, что нам не следовало делать, но мы это сделали:
It shouldn’t have happened like that. If only I had answered her calls, she wouldn’t be hospitalised now.
You shouldn’t have called them today. Please, do it next week.
I shouldn’t have spent so much time playing computer games. My eyes are red.
May + have + past participle
с помощью этой конструкции мы передаём вероятность, что что-то могло произойти:
You may have noticed that we have painted the living room beige.
- You may have heard the news. My son is getting married.
- That’s great! Congrats!
- I think he may just have been inattentive. Let’s give him a second chance.
Might + have + past participle
с помощью этой конструкции мы передаём вероятность какого-то события в прошлом:
- Do you know what’s in these boxes?
- I think they are full of leaflets. The courier might have brought them yesterday.
Let’s visit granny this Sunday. She might have got better already.
- Have you seen that his leg is in the cast?
- He might have broken it at the ice rink.
You can’t have predicted that verbs are so important in the English language, can you?
